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terça-feira, 27 de novembro de 2012

Wizard Special Edition: Wolverine

General Info About Wolverine:

Wolverine is a fictional character, a superhero who appears in comic books published by Marvel Comics. Born James Howlett^[1] and commonly known as Logan, Wolverine is a mutant who possesses animal-keen senses, enhanced physical capabilities, three retracting bone claws on each hand and a healing factor that allows him to recover from virtually any wound, disease or toxin, at an accelerated rate. The healing factor also slows down his aging process, enabling him to live beyond a normal human lifespan. His powerful healing factor enabled the supersoldier program Weapon X to bond the near-indestructible metal alloy adamantium to his skeleton and claws without killing him. He is most often depicted as a member of the X-Men, Alpha Flight, or later the Avengers.
The character first appeared in the last panel of The Incredible Hulk #180 (his first full appearance is in issue #181, November 1974) and was created by writer Len Wein and Marvel art director John Romita, Sr., who designed the character, and was first drawn for publication by Herb Trimpe. Wolverine later joined the X-Men's "All New, All Different" roster in Giant-Size X-Men #1 (May 1975). X-Men writer Chris Claremont played a significant role in the character's subsequent development,^[2] along with artist/writer John Byrne, who insisted on making the character older than the other X-Men. Artist Frank Miller collaborated with Claremont and helped to revise the character with a four-part eponymous limited series from September to December 1982 in which Wolverine's catchphrase, "I'm the best there is at what I do, but what I do best isn't very nice," debuted.
Wolverine was typical of the many tough, anti-authority, antiheroes that emerged in American popular culture after the Vietnam War;^[3] his willingness to use deadly force and his brooding nature became standard characteristics for comic book anti-heroes by the end of the 1980s.^[4] As a result, the character became the clear favorite for fans of the increasingly popular X-Men franchise.^[5] Wolverine has been featured in his own solo comic since 1988 and has been a central character in most X-Men adaptations, including animated television series, video games, and the live-action 20th Century Fox X-Men film series, in which he is portrayed by Hugh Jackman.^[6] In May 2008, Wolverine was ranked #1 out of Wizard magazine's Top 200 Comic Book Characters of All Time^[7] and was ranked as the 4th Greatest Comic Book Character by Empire magazine in July 2008.^[8] On their list of the 100 Greatest Fictional Characters, Fandomania.com ranked Wolverine at #21.^[9] In May 2011, Wolverine was ranked 4th on IGN's Top 100 Comic Book Heroes.^[10]

Wizard Special Edition: X-Men

General Info About The (now defunct) Mag:

Wizard or Wizard: The Magazine of Comics, Entertainment and Pop Culture (previously titled Wizard: The Guide to Comics and Wizard: The Comics Magazine) was a magazine about comic books, published monthly in the United States by Wizard Entertainment from July 1991 to January 2011.^[1] It included a price guide, as well as comic book, movie, anime, and collector news, interviews, and previews.

Publication history

Wizard launched in July 1991. With issue #7, the magazine switched to glossy paper and color printing. Wizard strongly supported new publishers Valiant Comics and Image Comics, heavily promoting their new releases.
The magazine has also spawned several ongoing magazines dedicated to similar interests such as ToyFare for toys and action figures, Inquest Gamer for collectible game cards, Anime Insider for anime and manga, and Toy Wishes for mainstream toy enthusiasts, though all have subsequently been cancelled.
In 2006, the magazine was revamped with a bigger look and more pages, switching from the "perfect bound" or staple free look, to that of a more traditional magazine. After issue 200, Wizard made several changes to the magazine, shifting focus from reviews and humor to information about upcoming comics and the industry as a whole. The 3-page "Magic Words" section, which consisted of reader questions, was dropped and replaced by "Fan Mail", a half-page section allowing 3 short (and often humorous) letters.
In November 2006, Wizard editor-in-chief and co-founder Pat McCallum was fired, after more than a decade with the company. Wizard declined to say why he was removed.^[2] On February 21, 2007, Scott Gramling was announced as the new Editor-in-Chief.^[3] Soon after, longtime Wizard Editor Brian Cunningham was removed in August 2008.^[4] The current editor is former staff writer and managing editor Mike Cotton. On February 27, 2009, Wizard laid off ten percent of its work force, including its three staff writers, in order to make room for freelance writers.^[5]
Wizard was relaunched with issue #228 (August 2010 issue), which featured Mark Millar as a guest editor. The magazine went back to its strictly comic book roots. The issue featured a Green Hornet film cover and round table discussion with creators in the comic book film industry.
On January 24, 2011, Rich Johnston of the website Bleeding Cool confirmed that the magazine would cease print publication, that almost all of its magazine staff had been laid off, and all freelance engagements canceled.^[6] This was confirmed later that day by Wizard, who also revealed that its sister magazine, Toyfare, was also canceled. According to the publication's representatives, Wizard would be relaunched in February 2011 as an online magazine called Wizard World.^[7] The first issue of "Wizard World" was made available online and through major digital distribution channels on March 2, 2011.^[8]

Regular features

The magazine went through an ever-changing line-up of regular and semi-regular features, including

Book Shelf - Brief descriptions of the monthly trade paperback and hardcover collection releases.
Top 10 Writers and Artists Lists charting the most popular creators of the month in each category.

Retired features include

Casting Call - A feature proposing the "dream" cast for potential film adaptations of various comic books. It later appeared sporadically.
Last Man Standing - A dream "faceoff" between two different characters or teams, always of different companies and/or universes. The feature would detail a brief showdown between the two, including the victor and would be accompanied by an exclusive illustration (usually by a high profile artist) depicting the battle.

Exclusive offers

In addition, both Wizard and ToyFare often featured mail-away offers for exclusive merchandise. Wizard began a practice of producing specially offered Wizard #1/2 issues. These were special issues of ongoing major comic book series which featured in-continuity stories that supplemented the regular series published issues. The issues were numbered #1/2 so as not to disrupt the series ongoing numbering system. Often Wizard would also include free pack-in issues with their magazines, usually numbered as Wizard #0's.

Controversy

Comics creator Frank Miller had a well-publicized feud with Wizard, initiated by his keynote speech at the 2001 Harvey Awards, during which he ripped a copy of the magazine apart and threw it in a trash can, calling it a "bible written by Satan," a "monthly vulgarity," and a "tree killer (which) regularly cheapens and poisons our field."^[9]

Awards

The magazine presented the Wizard Fan Awards annually for works of distinction within the comics industry from 1993 to 2006. From 1993 to 1995, the awards were presented during Dragon Con; in 1996 the awards moved their home to the Chicago Comicon (later renamed Wizard World Chicago).^[10]

Black Bull Comics

Wizard published a line of comics under the banner Black Bull Comics by several well-known creators, including Mark Waid, Chris Eliopoulos, Nelson DeCastro, and Garth Ennis, including: